Apple

For breaching Digital Markets Act anti-steering rules by restricting app developers from informing iOS users about alternative offers outside the App Store.

For abusing its dominant App Store position by imposing anti-steering provisions that prevented music streaming apps from informing iOS users about cheaper subscriptions outside the app.

For receiving illegal tax benefits (state aid) from Ireland, which allowed it to pay extraordinarily low effective tax rates.

Hat historisch die Double-Irish-Steuerkonstruktion genutzt — eine für aggressive Steuervermeidung gekennzeichnete Struktur.