WhatsApp

For breaching Digital Markets Act rules requiring a less-personalised equivalent service when users refuse consent to combine personal data across Meta services (pay-or-consent model).

For abusing dominance by tying Facebook Marketplace to Facebook and imposing unfair trading conditions on rival online classified ads providers that advertise on Meta platforms.

For illegally transferring EU users’ personal data to the US, violating data protection rules.

Irish DPC fines totalling €390 million (€210 million for Facebook and €180 million for Instagram) for unlawfully relying on 'contract' as the legal basis for behavioural advertising under GDPR.

Irish DPC fine related to a Facebook personal data scraping incident affecting hundreds of millions of users, following an EDPB dispute-resolution process.

French CNIL fine against Facebook for making cookie refusal more difficult than acceptance, in breach of French ePrivacy rules.

Irish DPC fine for failing GDPR transparency obligations toward WhatsApp users and non-users, including clarity on data sharing with other Facebook companies.

Historically used the Double Irish tax arrangement — a structure flagged for aggressive tax avoidance.